Identification of APOE4 Modulators, Targeted Therapeutic Candidates in Coronary Artery Disease, Using Molecular Docking Studies
Lima Hazarika,
Supriyo Sen,
Akshaykumar Zawar,
Jitesh Doshi
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 2, June 2021
Pages:
27-38
Received:
23 March 2021
Accepted:
7 April 2021
Published:
20 April 2021
Abstract: Investigate the protein–ligand binding affinity and evaluate the receptor binding abilities of different classes of ligands for APOE4 through molecular docking studies. The polymorphic nature of human Apo E gene encodes one of 3 common epsilon (ε) alleles (ε2, ε3, and ε4), reported to influence the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Structural basis of APOE4 involvement in CAD suggests that the intramolecular domain interactions to be a suitable target for therapeutic intervention. Identification of APOE4 modulators, targeted towards therapeutic candidates in CAD using Molecular Docking studies. Various classes of ligands including known drugs used in the treatment of CAD, fragment-based stabilizers and their similar structures and molecules with known bioactivity against APOE4 were screened for their binding affinity and further investigated for their interactions with APOE4. Computational studies show the benzyl amide derived structures to be useful candidates in modulation of APOE4. The protein–ligand binding affinities predicted in the study indicated receptor binding abilities of APOE4 that can lead to have interesting insights on structural conformity of APOE4 and its correlated functional aspects. Understanding modulation of APOE4 can pave ways to use it as biomarker for CAD as well as for its therapeutics. Further analysis of the variation of the docked protein structure, molecular dynamic simulation can be performed to generate a dynamic structure for binding analysis.
Abstract: Investigate the protein–ligand binding affinity and evaluate the receptor binding abilities of different classes of ligands for APOE4 through molecular docking studies. The polymorphic nature of human Apo E gene encodes one of 3 common epsilon (ε) alleles (ε2, ε3, and ε4), reported to influence the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Structural basis ...
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Establishment of a Method to Allow Microbial Limit Testing of Iodine-containing Preparations
Huang Minna,
Tan Fangming,
Lin Shaozhu,
Liang Zhuanzhi,
Qiu Suishan,
He Xiaomin
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 2, June 2021
Pages:
39-43
Received:
22 April 2021
Accepted:
17 May 2021
Published:
26 May 2021
Abstract: Background: Contamination of pharmaceuticals with microorganisms may lead to deleterious effects on the therapeutic properties of the drug, and may potentially cause injuries to intended recipients. Iodine can inhibit and kill microorganisms in pharmaceutical preparations. The risk of microbial contamination of cellular products can be reduced when cultured in the presence of iodine. This however, may impact the sensitivity of microbiological tests. Iodine-containing Preparations does not guarantee sterility but may just reduce the proliferation rate of microorganisms, microbiological testing of medicinal products remains obligatory. Thus, an appropriate method to test for microbial contamination of iodine-containing products has to be validated. Objective: To establish a method that would allow microbial limit testing of four iodine-containing preparations (concentrated iodine tincture, compound iodine oral solution, iodine tincture, and iodine glycerin). Methods: To specifically determine the degree of contamination in the four in-house iodine preparations, sodium thiosulfate was used to reduce the iodine molecules to iodide ions, thereby eliminating the intrinsic antibacterial property of the preparations. Then, the suitability of this method was evaluated according to the regulations for non-sterile microbial limit tests. Results: The neutralization method effectively eliminated the interference of the antibacterial iodine component, rendering the control bacteria detectable. The recovery ratio of the test strains met the required standards. Conclusion: The neutralization method with sodium thiosulfate as the iodine neutralizer is suitable for microbial limit testing of concentrated iodine tincture, compound iodine oral solution, iodine tincture, and iodine glycerin, with the results being accurate and reliable.
Abstract: Background: Contamination of pharmaceuticals with microorganisms may lead to deleterious effects on the therapeutic properties of the drug, and may potentially cause injuries to intended recipients. Iodine can inhibit and kill microorganisms in pharmaceutical preparations. The risk of microbial contamination of cellular products can be reduced when...
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