Hepatoprotective Effect of Aqueous Extract of Telfairia occidentalis on Cadmium Chloride-Induced Oxidative Stress and Hepatotoxicity in Rats
Johnson Olaleye Oladele,
Olu Israel Oyewole,
Olamilekan Kabiru Bello,
Oluwaseun Titilope Oladele
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 3, June 2017
Pages:
32-36
Received:
6 April 2017
Accepted:
21 April 2017
Published:
4 July 2017
Abstract: Cadmium and its compounds have been classified as known human carcinogens. Telfairia occidentalis is a medicinal plant with a number of pharmacological activities attributed to its extracts. This study was designed to investigate the possible hepatoprotective effect of aqueous extract of Telfairia occidentalis on cadmium chloride (CdCl2) induced oxidative stress and hepatotoxicity in experimental animals. Twenty-four (24) adult male rats were divided into 4 groups of 6 rats each. Group I received distilled water, group II, III, and IV were administered 5mg/kg body weight CdCl2, group III, IV were treated with 200 and 400mg/kg body weight (bw) respectively of aqueous extract of Telfairia occidentalis for 14 days. Results obtained showed that exposure of rats to cadmium induced hepatocellular injury as demonstrated by significant increased (P<0.05) in activities of Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), Acid phosphatase (ACP) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Lipid peroxidation was induced as shown by significant increase (P<0.05) in malondialdehyde (MDA) level and induction of oxidative stress with significant decrease (P<0.05) in reduced glutathione (GSH), Glutathione S-transferase (GST), Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT) levels. Histological study of the liver shows loss of normal architecture, small-sized cytoplasmic vacuole, cellular degeneration and necrosis. However, concomitant administration of aqueous extract of Telfairia occidentalis with cadmium chloride attenuated the induced hepatic injury, lipid peroxidation, and oxidative stress. In conclusion, aqueous extract of Telfairia occidentalis offer hepatoprotection by scavenging free radicals, reversing/inhibiting oxidative stress pathways and protecting the structural integrity of the liver.
Abstract: Cadmium and its compounds have been classified as known human carcinogens. Telfairia occidentalis is a medicinal plant with a number of pharmacological activities attributed to its extracts. This study was designed to investigate the possible hepatoprotective effect of aqueous extract of Telfairia occidentalis on cadmium chloride (CdCl2) induced ox...
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Use of Solid Dispersions and Inclusion Complexation for Enhancing Oral Bioavailability of Ziprasidone in Treating Schizophrenia
Poonam Mogal,
Deeliprao Derle
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 3, June 2017
Pages:
37-48
Received:
19 May 2017
Accepted:
21 June 2017
Published:
25 July 2017
Abstract: In modern times, people are suffering from many mental health disorders like schizophrenia, bipolar disorders and many psychoses. Hence, it is essential to treat these mental disorders using medications as well as with assistance from caregivers for the social well being of person. This study was focussed on improving solubility & dissolution of poorly soluble drug Ziprasidone using different formulation approaches like solid dispersion & inclusion complexation. Different solubility enhancing techniques like physical mixing, solvent evaporation, microwave irradiation, lyophilization & spray drying were used for the along with four different polymers i.e Kollidon, Soluplus, Pluronic and HPβCD. The prepared formulations were evaluated for saturated solubility, dissolution, ATR, SEM, XRD, pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic in vivo study. The prepare formulations showed increment in solubility as well as dissolution. The order of solubility enhancement for the studied polymers was found to be of following order: Soluplus >HPβCD >Kollidon >Pluronic. In the pharmacodynamic study, the optimized solid dispersion showed the calming effect on mice when compared to pure Ziprasidone. The pharmacokinetic study demonstrated the increase in oral absorption of Ziprasidone in all prepared formulations and it followed the same order as that solubility & dissolution enhancement. The Soluplus-solid dispersion prepared by spray drying technique was found to be suitable in enhancing oral absorption with significant (p < 0.05) enhancement in Cmax & AUC than pure Ziprasidone. Hence, comparative study was helpful in increasing oral bioavailability Of Ziprasidone in choosing the suitable polymer with decreasing the dose and increasing patient adherence to therapy.
Abstract: In modern times, people are suffering from many mental health disorders like schizophrenia, bipolar disorders and many psychoses. Hence, it is essential to treat these mental disorders using medications as well as with assistance from caregivers for the social well being of person. This study was focussed on improving solubility & dissolution of po...
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